Navigant Research » Electric Vehicles http://www.navigantresearch.com Fri, 24 May 2013 06:02:28 +0000 en-US hourly 1 http://wordpress.org/?v=3.5.1 Electric Vehicles in India http://www.navigantresearch.com/research/electric-vehicles-in-india http://www.navigantresearch.com/research/electric-vehicles-in-india#comments Thu, 23 May 2013 05:03:03 +0000 ejohnson http://www.navigantresearch.com/?p=52891 Smart Transportation
Sales of plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) in India have been minimal due to a myriad of factors: little domestic production, the high cost of vehicles, a lack of government commitment, an often unstable power grid, and almost no formal charging infrastructure. Making the environment more conducive to electric vehicle (EV) sales will take years of [...]]]> Smart Transportation

Sales of plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) in India have been minimal due to a myriad of factors: little domestic production, the high cost of vehicles, a lack of government commitment, an often unstable power grid, and almost no formal charging infrastructure. Making the environment more conducive to electric vehicle (EV) sales will take years of investment from the public and private sector, limiting the growth of the market in the short term. The government’s on-and-off support for EVs has caused many companies that began to produce EVs to halt production, and in some cases cease operations.

Nevertheless, trends in the country’s demographics, traffic patterns, and natural resources suggest enormous potential. Estimates by the Indian government and industry foresee India becoming the third-largest market for cars in the world by 2020. The country’s dense urban centers and short yet congested commutes make it a natural fit with the relatively low power density of electric drivetrains. Additionally, the reinstatement of the government incentive for EV purchases in 2013 will spur Indian automakers to develop new models. Navigant Research forecasts that sales of PEVs in India will reach 17,000 by 2018. Combined with sales of hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs), that number will reach more than 22,000 in the same year. Two-wheeled electric vehicles will grow to more than 1.1 million units annually by 2018, with electric scooters the preferred vehicle type.

This Navigant Research report outlines the challenges and opportunities for plug-in electric light duty vehicles, two-wheeled electric bicycles, scooters and motorcycles, and hybrid electric vehicles in India. Along with market forecasts covering PEVs and HEVs, the report includes profiles of the key industry players in the electric vehicle market in India. Technology issues and market drivers and barriers are also detailed.

Key Questions Addressed:
  • What infrastructure is available for EVs in India?
  • How does the Indian government support vehicle electrification?
  • How many PEVs and HEVs will be sold in India through 2018?
  • Who are the leading manufacturers of two-wheeled electric vehicles in India?
  • What market forces will drive sales of EVs in India?
  • What are the market barriers for EVs in India?
  • What are the key technology issues facing makers of EVs in India?
Who needs this report?
  • Automotive companies
  • Electric vehicle battery manufacturers
  • E-bike, e-motorcycle, and e-scooter manufacturers
  • Electric vehicle charging equipment manufacturers
  • Government agencies
  • Investor community

Table of Contents

1. Executive Summary

2. Market Update

2.1  Introduction

2.2  Market Issues

2.2.1  Current Traction

2.2.2  Current EV Infrastructure

2.2.3  Government Incentives

2.3  Market Drivers

2.3.1  Nation-Level Imperatives: Curb Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Oil Imports

2.3.2  Increasing Individual Wealth and Potential Market

2.3.3  Congestion and Driving Patterns

2.3.4  Vehicle-to-Grid

2.4  Market Barriers

2.4.1  Little Domestic EV Manufacturing and Expertise

2.4.2  Consumer Price Sensitivity

2.4.3  Lack of Consumer Awareness

2.4.4  Unreliable Electrical Supply

2.4.5  Erratic Government Support

2.5  Technology Issues

2.5.1  EV Charging Network Status and Update

2.5.2  Batteries and Other Components

3. Key Industry Players

3.1  Introduction

3.2  Light Duty PEVs

3.2.1  Mahindra Reva

3.3  Two-Wheelers

3.3.1  Electrotherm

3.3.2  Hero Electric

3.3.3  Ampere

3.3.4  Lohia Auto

4. Market Forecasts

4.1  Light Duty PEVs and HEVs

4.2  Two-Wheeled EVs

5. Conclusions and Recommendations

List of Charts and Figures

  • Electrified Vehicle Annual Sales by Vehicle Type, India: 2013-2018
  • Two-Wheeled Electrified Vehicle Annual Sales by Vehicle Type, India: 2013-2018
]]> http://www.navigantresearch.com/research/electric-vehicles-in-india/feed 0 Electric Vehicle Supply Equipment Tracker 1Q13 http://www.navigantresearch.com/research/electric-vehicle-supply-equipment-tracker-1q13 http://www.navigantresearch.com/research/electric-vehicle-supply-equipment-tracker-1q13#comments Wed, 27 Mar 2013 20:14:35 +0000 ejohnson http://www.navigantresearch.com/?p=50895 Smart Transportation
Plug-in electric vehicle (PEV) deployments to the mass market have fueled a burst of activity in electric vehicle supply equipment (EVSE) infrastructure development, particularly in North America, Europe, and Asia Pacific. In these regions, public EVSE networks have been buoyed by large government investments to make PEVs more amenable to the domestic markets. Now that [...]]]> Smart Transportation

Plug-in electric vehicle (PEV) deployments to the mass market have fueled a burst of activity in electric vehicle supply equipment (EVSE) infrastructure development, particularly in North America, Europe, and Asia Pacific. In these regions, public EVSE networks have been buoyed by large government investments to make PEVs more amenable to the domestic markets. Now that the PEV market is becoming more established, however, this government backing is beginning to wane, driving the industry to develop more organically.

Aside from government support, the growth of the EVSE industry is directly tied to the growth and dynamics of the PEV market, PEV owner charging behavior, industry standards, and existing grid infrastructures. These factors differ regionally as vehicle appetites, model availabilities, accepted industry standards, and existing grid infrastructure capabilities vary from region to region. North America is the strongest market for PEVs, with strong sales of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs). Because battery electric vehicles (BEVs) have been stronger in Europe and Asia Pacific, these regions have seen greater installations of faster charging EVSE technologies, such as DC fast chargers and battery swap stations. Navigant Research estimates that as of the first quarter of 2013, there are 48,705 publicly accessible charging stations installed globally.

This Navigant Research tracker report surveys more than 150 key players in the EVSE industry and tracks the total number of publicly accessible EVSE units, segmented by region and technology, with an additional focus on all commercial EVSE installed in the United States, both public and private. In addition, the report examines EVSE technologies, business models, and market barriers on a regional basis.

Key Questions Addressed:
  • What is the installed base of publicly accessible EVSE infrastructure and how does it differ by region?
  • Which regions lead in terms of market share for the EVSE market?
  • How do technology preferences differ by region?
  • Who are the major players in each region?
  • How will the decline in government funding for EVSE affect the market?
Who needs this report?
  • Electric vehicle supply equipment manufacturers
  • Electric vehicle supply equipment installers and network developers
  • Electric vehicle supply equipment network service providers
  • Utilities and grid operators
  • Automotive manufacturers and suppliers
  • Utilities
  • Government agencies
  • Investor community

Table of Contents

1. Executive Summary

1.1  Introduction

1.2  Navigant Research’s Coverage

1.3  Technologies

2. Tracking the EVSE Market

2.1  Defining the Scope

2.2  Service Providers by Region

3. Regional Analysis

3.1  Market Issues

3.2  North America

3.3  Europe

3.4  Asia Pacific

3.5  Rest of World

4. Market Trends

4.1  Network Ownership

4.2  Technology

5. Acronym and Abbreviation List
6. Table of Contents
7. Table of Charts and Figures
8. Scope of Study, Sources and Methodology, Notes

List of Charts and Figures

  • Total Installed Public EVSE Stations by Technology and Region, World Markets: 2012
  • Total Installed Public EVSE Stations by Technology, World Markets: 2012
  • Total Installed Public EVSE Stations by Region, World Markets: 2012
  • Total Installed Public EVSE DC Charging Stations by Region, World Markets: 2012
  • Total Installed Public EVSE AC Charging Stations by Region, World Markets: 2012
  • Total Installed Public EVSE Stations by Technology and Country, Top Markets: 2012
  • PEV Models Available by Vehicle Type and Region, World Markets: 2012
  • Total Installed Public EVSE Stations by Technology and Country, North America: 2012
  • Total Installed Commercial EVSE Stations by Accessibility and State, Top 10 U.S. States: 2012
  • Total Installed Commercial EVSE DC Charging Stations by Accessibility and State, Select U.S. States: 2012
  • Total Installed Public EVSE Stations by Technology and Country, Europe: 2012
  • Total Installed Public EVSE Stations by Technology and Country, Asia Pacific: 2012
  • Battery Swap Station Installations by Region, World Markets: 2012
  • Total Installed Public EVSE Stations by Accessibility and State, United States: 2012
  • Total Installed Public EVSE Stations by Technology and State, United States: 2012
  • Public EVSE Network Operators by Company Type and Region, World Markets: 2012

List of Tables

  • Total Installed Public EVSE Stations by Region and Technology, World Markets: 2012
  • Total Installed Public EVSE Stations by Country and Technology, World Markets: 2012
  • Public EVSE Network Operators by Company Type and Region, World Markets: 2012
  • Total Installed Commercial EVSE Stations by State and Accessibility, United States: 2012
  • Total Installed Commercial EVSE DC Charging Stations by State and Accessibility, United States: 2012
  • Total Installed Commercial EVSE Stations by State and Technology, United States: 2012
  • PEV Models Available by Vehicle Type and Region, World Markets: 2012
  • PEV Availability by Model, North America: 2013
  • PEV Availability by Model, Europe: 2013
  • PEV Availability by Model, Asia Pacific: 2013
  • PEV Availability by Model, Rest of World: 2013
  • Public EVSE Network Operators by Company Type and Region, World Markets: 2012
  • Service Regions by Public Network Operator, World Markets: 2012
  • Service Regions by EVSE Installer (Excluding Manufacturers and Network Operators), World Markets: 2012
  • Service Regions by EVSE Manufacturer, World Markets: 2012
  • Service Regions by EVSE Association/Organization, World Markets: 2012
]]> http://www.navigantresearch.com/research/electric-vehicle-supply-equipment-tracker-1q13/feed 0 Solar and Electric Vehicle Cross-Marketing Strategies http://www.navigantresearch.com/research/solar-and-electric-vehicle-cross-marketing-strategies http://www.navigantresearch.com/research/solar-and-electric-vehicle-cross-marketing-strategies#comments Mon, 25 Mar 2013 03:24:17 +0000 ejohnson http://www.navigantresearch.com/?p=50717 Smart EnergySmart Transportation
The number of plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) on roadways will grow rapidly to more than 3,000,000 globally by 2017. Most PEV owners pay attention to the nature of the power that charges their vehicles, preferring clean renewable power such as solar. These customers are prime targets for residential solar installers, as many PEV owners own [...]]]> Smart EnergySmart Transportation

The number of plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) on roadways will grow rapidly to more than 3,000,000 globally by 2017. Most PEV owners pay attention to the nature of the power that charges their vehicles, preferring clean renewable power such as solar. These customers are prime targets for residential solar installers, as many PEV owners own homes that can accommodate a sufficiently sizable solar array to generate all of the power that their vehicles would consume on an annual basis.

Automotive companies have marketing budgets that far surpass the reach of the smaller and more regional solar installation companies. By collaborating, solar and PEV companies have the potential to expand both of their markets by reducing the combined installation costs of vehicle charging equipment and solar panels by sharing equipment and electrical contracting expenses. Together, these two industries can provide a complete solution that enables emissions-free driving as well as clean, low-cost electricity.

This Navigant Research report details the strategies that solar companies and PEV manufacturers can adopt to grow their markets, by explaining the immediate and long-term financial benefits of replacing fossil fuels with carbon-free electrons for both home and transportation energy. The report outlines the technical and financial background data needed to create compelling consumer outreach and the collaborative programs that PEV and solar PV sellers can develop to make solar and PEVs more affordable and cost-effective for consumers and fleet operators.

Key Questions Addressed:
  • How can the solar and PEV industries benefit by working together?
  • What programs can be developed to increase interest in home EV charging using solar?
  • How are PEV manufacturers currently using solar power to increase the marketability of their vehicles?
  • What are PEV owner attitudes toward solar power?
  • How large will the market for PEVs become through 2020?
  • How can PEV owners use solar PV to reduce their monthly electricity costs?
Who needs this report?
  • Solar manufacturers
  • Automotive manufacturers
  • Solar installation and financing companies
  • EV charging equipment manufacturers
  • Investor community

Table of Contents

1. Executive Summary

2. EV Market Factors Creating New Opportunities

2.1  Light Bulb Moment for Customers

2.1.1     Environmental Concerns

2.1.2     Economic Concerns

2.2  Unprecedented Scale for Marketing Solar

2.3  Cost Savings with Combined Installation

2.4  Common Challenges and Potential Solutions

2.5  Visible Commercial Solar As Marketing Opportunity for Green Companies

2.6  EV Charging Without the Grid

2.7  Homework Required

2.7.1     EVSE Equipment and Levels of Charging

2.7.2     Vehicles on the Market

2.7.3     Utility Rates

2.7.4     Incentives

2.7.5     EV Charging Networks and Applications

2.8  Gateway to Total Home-Vehicle Management Solutions

3. Conclusions and Recommendations

3.1  Get Smart About EVs

3.2  Develop Turnkey Solutions

3.3  Think Long-Term

3.4  Form Strategic Partnerships

3.5  Get an Early Start on Innovation

List of Charts

  • Cumulative Plug-in Electric Vehicle Sales by Vehicle Type, World Markets: 2013-2020
  • Public EV Charging Station Unit Sales by Region, United States and World Markets: 2013-2020
  • V2H Infrastructure Investment by Region, World Markets: 2013-2020

]]> http://www.navigantresearch.com/research/solar-and-electric-vehicle-cross-marketing-strategies/feed 0 Electric Vehicle Drive Motors http://www.navigantresearch.com/research/electric-vehicle-drive-motors http://www.navigantresearch.com/research/electric-vehicle-drive-motors#comments Fri, 22 Mar 2013 21:01:10 +0000 ejohnson http://www.navigantresearch.com/?p=50648 Electric VehiclesSmart Transportation
As global automotive manufacturers increase their efforts to produce more vehicles using all-electric and electric-assisted drivetrains, interest in electric vehicle batteries continues to grow. The other major components of the electric powertrain, the motor and its controller, are equally important, however. While the battery pack is by far the most expensive piece of the technology, [...]]]> Electric VehiclesSmart Transportation

As global automotive manufacturers increase their efforts to produce more vehicles using all-electric and electric-assisted drivetrains, interest in electric vehicle batteries continues to grow. The other major components of the electric powertrain, the motor and its controller, are equally important, however. While the battery pack is by far the most expensive piece of the technology, the motor represents a significant cost, and most automakers have chosen to make their own rather than purchase from a specialist supplier.

Although numerous new companies have sprung up to develop interesting AC motor alternatives that could disrupt the industry in future, almost all of the original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) have chosen to invest in producing their own motor hardware and are relying on permanent magnet or AC induction motor designs. It is important to recognize that motor choice cannot be made in isolation, and that the contribution of the controller and associated power electronics must be included. Navigant Research forecasts that the global market for electric drive motors in light-duty vehicles will grow from a little less than $1 billion in annual revenue in 2013 to more than $2.8 billion in 2020.

This Navigant Research report provides a detailed examination of the growing market for electric motors and controllers, including profiles of the leading motor manufacturers and the original equipment manufacturers that make their own motors. Forecasts for revenues from motors and controllers segmented by motor power rating extend through 2020, and a summary of hybrid, plug-in hybrid, and battery electric vehicle model introductions by region is also provided. The report also includes a review of the main electric motor technologies suitable for electric drive.

Key Questions Addressed:
  • What are the most important motor technologies for EV drive?
  • Which type of motor leads this market today and how will that change in the future?
  • What and where are the market opportunities for motor and controller specialist companies?
  • What will be the annual unit sales of electric drive motors through 2020?
  • What will be the annual revenue from electric drive motors through 2020?
  • How big is the market value in the major world regions and how fast will it grow?
  • Who are the active players in developing new electric drive technology?
Who needs this report?
  • Vehicle manufacturers
  • Automotive industry suppliers
  • Electric motor suppliers
  • Electric motor controller suppliers
  • Materials suppliers, particularly copper and magnets
  • Government agencies
  • Investor community

Table of Contents

1. Executive Summary

1.1  Electric Drive Motors for Automotive Applications

1.2  Market Issues

1.3  Technology Issues

1.4  Forecast Highlights

2. Market Issues

2.1  Automotive Market for Electric Drive Motors

2.2  Electric Vehicle Market Overview

2.2.1     Light Duty Vehicle Model Plans

2.2.2     Conversion Market

2.3  Cost

2.4  Environment and Legislation

3. Technology Issues

3.1  Electric Drive Motor

3.1.1     DC Motors

3.1.2     AC Induction

3.1.3     Permanent Magnet AC

3.1.4     Switched Reluctance

3.1.5     Axial Flux Motors

3.2  Power Rating

3.3  Controller and Power Electronics

3.4  Safety

3.5  Configuration Philosophy

4. Key Industry Players

4.1  Introduction

4.2  Electric Motor and Controller Suppliers

4.2.1     AC Kinetics

4.2.2     AC Propulsion

4.2.3     BRUSA Elektronik AG

4.2.4     GKN Driveline

4.2.5     KLD Energy Technologies

4.2.6     Magna International

4.2.7     Magnomatics

4.2.8     Sevcon

4.2.9     TM4

4.3  Vehicle OEMs

4.3.1     BMW

4.3.2     Daimler AG

4.3.3     ECOmove

4.3.4     Ford Motor Co.

4.3.5     General Motors

4.3.6     Mitsubishi Motors

4.3.7     Nissan Motors

4.3.8     Renault

4.3.9     Tesla Motors

4.3.10   Toyota Motor Corp.

4.3.11   VIA Motors

4.3.12   Volkswagen

4.3.13   Volvo

4.4  Other Industry Participants

4.4.1     Advanced Motors and Drives

4.4.2     Continental AG

4.4.3     Controlled Power Technologies

4.4.4    Delta Electronics

4.4.5     EM-motive GmbH

4.4.6     Fukuta Motors

4.4.7     Heinzmann

4.4.8     Hitachi Automotive Systems

4.4.9     Jing-Jin Electric

4.4.10   Parker Hannifin

4.4.11   Protean Electric

4.4.12   Remy International Inc.

4.4.13   Robert Bosch GmbH

4.4.14   Schaeffler

4.4.15   Siemens AG

4.4.16   UQM Technologies

4.4.17   YASA Motors

4.4.18   Yaskawa Electric

4.4.19   Zytek

5. Market Forecasts

5.1  Introduction

5.2  Global Data

5.3  North America

5.4  Western Europe

5.5  Eastern Europe

5.6  Asia Pacific

5.7  Latin America

5.8  Middle East & Africa

5.9  Conclusions and Recommendations

6. Company Directory
7. Acronym and Abbreviation List
8. Table of Contents
9. Table of Charts and Figures
10. Scope of Study, Sources and Methodology, Notes

List of Charts and Figures

  • Electric Vehicle Drive Motor Unit Sales by Region, World Markets: 2013-2020
  • Electric Vehicle Drive Motor Revenue by Region, World Markets: 2013-2020
  • Electric Vehicle Drive Motor Controller Revenue by Region, World Markets: 2013-2020
  • Electric Vehicle Drive Motor Unit Sales by Power Rating, North America: 2013-2020
  • Electric Vehicle Drivetrain Revenue by Power Rating, North America: 2013-2020
  • Electric Vehicle Drive Motor Unit Sales by Power Rating, Western Europe: 2013-2020
  • Electric Vehicle Drivetrain Revenue by Power Rating, Western Europe: 2013-2020
  • Electric Vehicle Drive Motor Unit Sales by Power Rating, Eastern Europe: 2013-2020
  • Electric Vehicle Drivetrain Revenue by Power Rating, Eastern Europe: 2013-2020
  • Electric Vehicle Drive Motor Unit Sales by Power Rating, Asia Pacific: 2013-2020
  • Electric Vehicle Drivetrain Revenue by Power Rating, Asia Pacific: 2013-2020
  • Electric Vehicle Drive Motor Unit Sales by Power Rating, Latin America: 2013-2020
  • Electric Vehicle Drivetrain Revenue by Power Rating, Latin America: 2013-2020
  • Electric Vehicle Drive Motor Unit Sales by Power Rating, Middle East & Africa: 2013-2020
  • Electric Vehicle Drivetrain Revenue by Power Rating, Middle East & Africa: 2013-2020

List of Tables

  • Electric Vehicle Drive Motor Revenue by Region, World Markets: 2013-2020
  • HEV Sales by Region, World Markets: 2013-2020
  • PHEV Sales by Region, World Markets: 2013-2020
  • BEV Sales by Region, World Markets: 2013-2020
  • HEV/PHEV/BEV Launches, North America: 2012‑2014
  • HEV/PHEV/BEV Launches, Europe: 2012-2014
  • HEV/PHEV/BEV Launches, Asia Pacific: 2012-2014
  • Light Duty HEV, PHEV, and BEV Incentives by Country, World Markets: 2012
  • Comparison Summary of Electric Traction Motor Types
  • Matrix of Additional Industry Participants
  • Electric Vehicle Drive Motor Unit Sales by Region, World Markets: 2013-2020
  • Electric Vehicle Drive Motor Revenue by Region, World Markets: 2013-2020
  • Electric Vehicle Drive Motor Controller Revenue by Region, World Markets: 2013-2020
  • Electric Vehicle Drive Motor Unit Sales by Power Rating, North America: 2013-2020
  • Electric Vehicle Drivetrain Revenue by Power Rating, North America: 2013-2020
  • Electric Vehicle Drive Motor Unit Sales by Power Rating, Western Europe: 2013-2020
  • Electric Vehicle Drivetrain Revenue by Power Rating, Western Europe: 2013-2020
  • Electric Vehicle Drive Motor Unit Sales by Power Rating, Eastern Europe: 2013-2020
  • Electric Vehicle Drivetrain Revenue by Power Rating, Eastern Europe: 2013-2020
  • Electric Vehicle Drive Motor Unit Sales by Power Rating, Asia Pacific: 2013-2020
  • Electric Vehicle Drivetrain Revenue by Power Rating, Asia Pacific: 2013-2020
  • Electric Vehicle Drive Motor Unit Sales by Power Rating, Latin America: 2013-2020
  • Electric Vehicle Drivetrain Revenue by Power Rating, Latin America: 2013-2020
  • Electric Vehicle Drive Motor Unit Sales by Power Rating, Middle East & Africa: 2013-2020
  • Electric Vehicle Drivetrain Revenue by Power Rating, Middle East & Africa: 2013-2020
]]> http://www.navigantresearch.com/research/electric-vehicle-drive-motors/feed 0 DC Fast Charging Equipment for Electric Vehicles http://www.navigantresearch.com/research/dc-fast-charging-equipment-for-electric-vehicles http://www.navigantresearch.com/research/dc-fast-charging-equipment-for-electric-vehicles#comments Fri, 08 Mar 2013 23:09:54 +0000 Alexandria Davis http://www.pikeresearch.com/?p=49768 Smart Transportation
The battery electric vehicle (BEV) industry is gearing up for the spread of direct current (DC) fast charging technology, which promises drastic reductions in the time needed to restore a BEV battery to full charge. At the same time, the sector faces a standards conflict: A new connector that combines alternating current (AC) and DC [...]]]> Smart Transportation

The battery electric vehicle (BEV) industry is gearing up for the spread of direct current (DC) fast charging technology, which promises drastic reductions in the time needed to restore a BEV battery to full charge. At the same time, the sector faces a standards conflict: A new connector that combines alternating current (AC) and DC fast charging in one unit, based on a standard developed by the Society of Automotive Engineers, is now in competition with an earlier system, known as CHAdeMO, that was developed by a group of Japanese automakers in association with the Tokyo Electric Power Company and has been adopted to a limited degree around the world.

Vendors of charging equipment (often called electric vehicle supply equipment, or EVSE) report that DC fast charging can reduce the time to a full charge on a standard BEV from the 6- to 8-hour range to less than an hour. The benefits of fast charging, however, go beyond simply the time of charge to include such potential side benefits as reducing the size and cost of the onboard battery – one of the most costly elements of a BEV. NavigantResearch forecasts that shipments of DC fast charging units will accelerate rapidly over the remainder of this decade, growing from fewer than 9,000 in 2012 to nearly 98,000 in 2020. Shipments will grow at a compound annual growth rate of 40.6%.

This research brief examines the global market for DC fast charging, with particular emphasis on emerging business models and technology issues. Profiles of key players in the DC fast charging sector are included, along with market forecasts for shipments of DC fast charging equipment. The study also includes conclusions and recommendations for manufacturers of EVSE as well as BEV makers.

Key Questions Addressed:
  • What are the differences between the SAE combo connector and the CHAdeMO protocol?
  • How are the major automakers preparing for the advent of fast DC charging?
  • How will fast DC charging benefit the overall EV industry?
  • Who are the leading players in the fast DC charging sector?
  • How will shipments of fast DC charging equipment break down by region and by technology standard?
Who needs this report?
  • Automotive manufacturers
  • Electric vehicle supply equipment vendors
  • Utilities
  • Government agencies and policymakers
  • Investor community

Table of Contents

1. Executive Summary

2. Market Update

2.1   State of the Market

2.2   Automakers’ Fast Charging Strategies

2.2.1     BMW

2.2.2     Daimler AG

2.2.3     Ford

2.2.4     General Motors

2.2.5     Mitsubishi

2.2.6     Nissan

2.2.7     Renault

2.2.8     Tesla

2.2.9     Toyota

2.3   Market Forecasts

2.4   Market Drivers

2.4.1     Time and Convenience

2.4.2     Alleviation of Range Anxiety

2.4.3     Business Model

2.5   Market Barriers

2.5.1     Cost

2.5.2     Infrastructure Limitations

2.5.3     Business  Models

2.5.4     Standards

2.6   Technology Issues

2.6.1     DC Fast Charging

2.6.2     CHAdeMO

2.6.3     SAE Combo Connector

2.6.4     EVSE Provider Responses

2.6.5     Resolution of Technical Issues

2.7   Key Players

2.7.1     ABB

2.7.2     AeroVironment

2.7.3     DBT

2.7.4     Eaton

2.7.5     ECOtality

2.7.6     Efacec

2.7.7     Fuji Electric

2.7.8     Schneider Electric

2.7.9     Siemens

3. Conclusions and Recommendations

3.1   EVSE Providers

3.2   Automakers

List of Charts

  • DC Fast Charging Equipment Shipments by Region, World Markets: 2013-2020
  • DC Fast Charging Equipment Sales by Technology Standard, United States: 2013-2020
  • Total EVSE Unit Sales, World Markets: 2013-2020
]]> http://www.navigantresearch.com/research/dc-fast-charging-equipment-for-electric-vehicles/feed 0 Electric Vehicle Supply Equipment Permitting http://www.navigantresearch.com/research/electric-vehicle-supply-equipment-permitting http://www.navigantresearch.com/research/electric-vehicle-supply-equipment-permitting#comments Thu, 28 Feb 2013 02:29:37 +0000 Alexandria Davis http://www.pikeresearch.com/?p=49325 Smart Transportation
The deployment of publicly available electric vehicle supply equipment (EVSE) is critical to the successful and sustainable adoption of electric vehicles. Thousands of EVSE units have been installed across the United States, thanks in large part to government initiatives, retailers, utilities, parking companies, employers, and hotels. This mix of entities will continue driving future EVSE [...]]]> Smart Transportation

The deployment of publicly available electric vehicle supply equipment (EVSE) is critical to the successful and sustainable adoption of electric vehicles. Thousands of EVSE units have been installed across the United States, thanks in large part to government initiatives, retailers, utilities, parking companies, employers, and hotels. This mix of entities will continue driving future EVSE installations that are necessary to create a ubiquitous and reliable EV charging network. Navigant Research forecasts that 2.5 million EVSE units will be sold in the United States from 2012 to 2020.

Prospective EVSE operators must comply with a labyrinth of rules and regulations that can require permits for one or more state or local agencies. Depending on the location, the process may require the assistance of electrical contractors and local inspectors and can take several days to complete. An attempt at obtaining permits for EVSE in a location that is viewed by the property owner as too costly or time consuming could prevent future purchases of EVSE and inhibit industry growth. These permitting processes will need to be simplified, made easier to comply with, and standardized across jurisdictions if the expected goals for vehicle electrification are to be met.

This research brief outlines the current initiatives to streamline EVSE permitting across all 50 states and highlights the policies adopted by the most advanced states. The study also details the requirements that EVSE manufacturers and installers must meet to successfully permit these facilities and outlines recommendations that equipment manufacturers and EV advocates should encourage regulating agencies and legislators to adopt in order to enable, rather than discourage, the installation of EV charging equipment.

Key Questions Addressed:
  • What are states doing to simplify EVSE permitting?
  • Which parties play a role in completing an EVSE installation?
  • Which states and localities have standardized the permitting of EVSE?
  • What codes and regulations must be followed to obtain a permit?
  • What best practices should states adopt to encourage EV adoption?
Who needs this report?
  • EVSE manufacturers
  • Automotive manufacturers
  • Property owners and managers
  • Electrical contractors and EVSE installers
  • State and local government agencies
  • Utilities

Table of Contents

1. Executive Summary

1.1   Introduction

2. Market Update

2.1   Typical EVSE Options

2.2   EVSE Permitting

2.2.1     Residential versus Public-Use Permitting

2.3   Building and Zoning Code Issues and Permitting Templates

2.4   Coordination with the Local Utility

2.5   Federal Programs

2.6   Regional Permitting Guidelines

3. Conclusions and Recommendations

4. References

List of Tables

  • EV Supply Equipment Unit Sales by State, United States: 2012-2020
  • Clean Cities-Funded Projects in Top EV States
  • Statewide Permitting Status for EVSE
]]> http://www.navigantresearch.com/research/electric-vehicle-supply-equipment-permitting/feed 0 Selecting Electric Vehicles for Fleets http://www.navigantresearch.com/research/selecting-electric-vehicles-for-fleets http://www.navigantresearch.com/research/selecting-electric-vehicles-for-fleets#comments Tue, 05 Feb 2013 01:25:19 +0000 ejohnson http://www.pikeresearch.com/?p=48114 Smart Transportation
Fleet managers have for many years been familiar with the use of alternative fuel vehicles and hybrid gas-electric vehicles. With the release of mainstream plug-in hybrid and battery electric vehicles, in late 2010, fleet managers have an unprecedented opportunity to raise efficiency and environmental performance to a new level by using electricity as an automotive [...]]]> Smart Transportation

Fleet managers have for many years been familiar with the use of alternative fuel vehicles and hybrid gas-electric vehicles. With the release of mainstream plug-in hybrid and battery electric vehicles, in late 2010, fleet managers have an unprecedented opportunity to raise efficiency and environmental performance to a new level by using electricity as an automotive fuel – supplied by the grid and delivered via a plug.

With this transition comes a set of profound implications for fleet managers in terms of upfront cost (related to expensive batteries and charging equipment), available incentives, limitations in driving range, refueling times (often measured in hours), and selection of vehicles to optimize efficiency based on a vehicle’s all-electric range (AER). Fleet managers will also need to consider charging equipment and related terms, as well as the relative efficiency of the vehicle while exclusively powered by electricity and (in the case of plug-in hybrids) during the period when a gas engine is employed to extend driving range. Navigant Research forecasts that worldwide fleet purchases of plug-in electric vehicles will grow from approximately 37,000 vehicles in 2013 to more than 291,000 vehicles by 2020.

This research brief outlines the spectrum of vehicle electrification that has broadened in recent years. It includes a definition of terms and considerations regarding charging equipment and how it affects range planning. The leading plug-in electric vehicles are described and placed in the context of decisions regarding range, charging and cost. Finally, the report provides a conceptual framework for considering adoption scenarios, from “wait and see” to “full speed ahead.” Written as a primer – rather than a complete guide – this research brief quickly introduces fleet managers to a rapidly approaching future in which plugs and chargers are standard features of an efficient fleet.

Key Questions Addressed:
  • What are the primary considerations for fleet managers in moving from conventional vehicles to plug-in EVs?
  • What is the spectrum of vehicle electrification, from conventional hybrids to pure electric cars?
  • What are the levels of EV charging, from standard 110V to industrial-level 500V DC quick charging?
  • How do battery sizes and charging levels affect driving range and route planning?
  • How does charging and route planning differ between pure electric cars and plug-in hybrids?
  • How should a fleet manager approach cost calculations for electrified fleets, especially plug-in hybrids that use both grid-supplied electricity and gasoline as a fuel?
Who needs this report?
  • Municipal and corporate fleet managers
  • Corporate plant managers

Table of Contents

1. Executive Summary

2. Market Update

2.1   Overview

2.1.1     Key Benefits of PEVs

2.1.2     Purchase Costs – ICEs versus PEVs

2.2   Types of EVs as a Spectrum

2.3   Driving BEVs

2.3.1     Nissan LEAF

2.3.2     Ford Focus Electric

2.3.3     Mitsubishi i-MiEV

2.3.4     Honda Fit EV

2.3.5     smart fortwo electric drive

2.3.6     BEV Driving Range Limitations

2.4   Driving PHEVs

2.4.1     Chevrolet Volt

2.4.2     Toyota Prius Plug-in Hybrid

2.4.3     Ford C-MAX Energi

2.4.4     PHEV Fuel Costs

2.5   Battery Charging Requirements

2.5.1     Levels of Charging

2.5.2     Location and Rating of Chargers

2.5.3     Miles of Range Restored per Hour

3. Conclusions and Recommendations

3.1   Wait-and-See Approach

3.2   Test the Waters Approach

3.3   Full Speed Ahead Approach

List of Charts, Tables, and Figures

  • Annual Electric Vehicle Fleet Sales by Vehicle Type, World Markets: 2012-2020
  • Series vs. Parallel Drivetrain
  • Driving Range and Energy Costs of PEVs
]]> http://www.navigantresearch.com/research/selecting-electric-vehicles-for-fleets/feed 0 Best Practices for Utilities to Prepare for Electric Vehicles http://www.navigantresearch.com/research/best-practices-for-utilities-to-prepare-for-electric-vehicles http://www.navigantresearch.com/research/best-practices-for-utilities-to-prepare-for-electric-vehicles#comments Mon, 21 Jan 2013 18:11:32 +0000 ejohnson http://www.pikeresearch.com/?p=47321 Smart Transportation
In 2012, approximately 50,000 plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) were sold in the United States, and the market is expected to grow by more than 50% in 2013. When primarily charged at home, these vehicles will, for many families, become the single largest power consumer of any device connected at a residence. For utilities, PEVs represent [...]]]> Smart Transportation

In 2012, approximately 50,000 plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) were sold in the United States, and the market is expected to grow by more than 50% in 2013. When primarily charged at home, these vehicles will, for many families, become the single largest power consumer of any device connected at a residence. For utilities, PEVs represent a significant opportunity to increase revenue as well as to establish new forms of interaction with consumers.

PEVs have unique profiles for power consumption, and will be sold in much greater concentrations in urban and suburban areas, which will magnify their impact on power distribution equipment. Understanding how the daily patterns for electric vehicle charging will impact utilities’ equipment, as well as the tools available to incentivize EV owners to charge during off-peak hours, will help utilities better prepare for their arrival.

This research brief includes recommendations based on data collected thus far on PEV power consumption, and highlights the lessons learned from many of the leading utilities that have been involved in providing electricity for vehicle charging. Based on these findings, the brief provides best practice recommendations to enhance customer service in engaging with consumers. Also included are guidelines for interacting with regional EV groups, PEV dealers, and local officials, to enable utilities to create a positive experience for PEV owners while receiving the maximum benefit from this new revenue source.

Key Questions Addressed:
  • How should utility customer service representatives interact with EV owners?
  • What utility strategies for creating PEV incentives and rate programs have been successful?
  • How should utilities build their staffs appropriately to address EV adoption in their service territories?
  • What do utilities need to understand about EV charging patterns to anticipate increased loads?
  • What types of outreach programs will provide effective communications to current and prospective EV owners?
Who needs this report?
  • Utilities
  • Industry associations
  • Government agencies
  • Nonprofit organizations

Table of Contents

1. Executive Summary

2. The Best Practices              

2.1   Build a Model

2.2   Conduct Extensive Outreach

2.3   Resist Temptation to Find Perfect Pricing

2.4   Collect Data to Answer Basic Questions First

2.5   Staff Up

2.6   Consider How Time-of-Use Works for PEVs

2.7   Set Clarity as the Goal for Customer Interaction

2.8   Consider the Role of Level 1 Charging

2.9   Become a Student of the PEV Market

3. Conclusions and Recommendations

List of Charts and Figures

  • Annual Light Duty PEV Sales, Top Five MSAs, United States: 2012-2020
  • PEV Sales by Vehicle Type, United States: 2012-2020
]]> http://www.navigantresearch.com/research/best-practices-for-utilities-to-prepare-for-electric-vehicles/feed 0 Electric Vehicle Batteries http://www.navigantresearch.com/research/electric-vehicle-batteries http://www.navigantresearch.com/research/electric-vehicle-batteries#comments Tue, 08 Jan 2013 19:24:58 +0000 ejohnson http://www.pikeresearch.com/?p=46543 Electric VehiclesSmart Energy
Global automotive manufacturers are accelerating their efforts to produce more vehicles utilizing electric drivetrains. Many factors are contributing to this trend, including newly enacted fuel economy standards, greater confidence in electric powered vehicles, and advances in battery technology. In 2012, Toyota introduced the fifth-generation Prius, powered for the first time with lithium ion (Li-ion) batteries. [...]]]> Electric VehiclesSmart Energy

Global automotive manufacturers are accelerating their efforts to produce more vehicles utilizing electric drivetrains. Many factors are contributing to this trend, including newly enacted fuel economy standards, greater confidence in electric powered vehicles, and advances in battery technology. In 2012, Toyota introduced the fifth-generation Prius, powered for the first time with lithium ion (Li-ion) batteries. The shift from nickel-metal hydride (NiMH) batteries to Li-ion represents a major endorsement of this chemistry as well as its ability to perform consistently in an automotive environment.

The immediate future looks to be secure for the Li-ion chemistry, although there are many variants still under development to improve performance and reduce cost. The technology continues to improve, and leading battery cell manufacturers have built new factories utilizing the latest production techniques including greater automation and faster throughput. Pike Research forecasts that the overall market for Li-ion batteries in light duty transportation will grow from $1.6 billion in 2012 to almost $22 billion in 2020.

This Pike Research report provides a detailed examination of the growing market for lithium ion batteries, including profiles of all of the leading Li-ion battery manufacturers. Forecasts for revenues from Li-ion batteries, segmented by vehicle type, are included, along with vehicle roadmaps for hybrid, plug-in hybrid, and battery electric vehicle sales by region. The report also includes a review of competing energy storage technologies, including ultracapacitors and nickel-metal hydride batteries.

Key Questions Addressed:
  • Have lithium ion batteries become the industry standard for electrified vehicles?
  • Who are the leading Li-ion battery manufacturers?
  • What are the leading chemistries in the electric vehicle battery market?
  • How will the cost per kWh change in the next several years?
  • What are the commercialization challenges for automobile manufacturers?
  • What are the vehicle roadmaps for hybrid, plug-in hybrid, and battery electric vehicles through 2020?
  • What are the forecasts for revenue from Li-ion batteries through 2020?
Who needs this report?
  • Vehicle manufacturers
  • Automotive industry suppliers
  • Battery suppliers
  • Government agencies
  • Vehicle fleet managers
  • Investor community

Table of Contents

1. Executive Summary

1.1   Overview

1.2   Electric Vehicle Batteries

1.3   Lithium Ion Battery Production

2. Market Issues

2.1   Defining Advanced Batteries for the Transportation Market

2.2   Market Size and Segmentation

2.2.1     Battery Electric Vehicles

2.2.2     Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles

2.2.3     Hybrid Electric Vehicles

2.2.4     Plug-in Hybrid Conversions

2.2.5     Stop-Start Vehicles

2.3   Power and Energy Requirements

2.4   Industry Growth Drivers

2.4.1     Emissions Reductions

2.4.2     Government Incentives

2.4.2.1     United States

2.4.2.2     Europe

2.4.2.3     China

2.4.2.4     Japan

2.4.2.5     South Korea

2.4.2.6     India

2.5   New Financing Models

2.6   Battery Switching

2.7   Grid Applications

2.7.1     Secondary Use of Batteries

2.7.2     Vehicle-to-Grid Power Delivery

2.8   Early Adopters of HEVs and PEVs

2.8.1     Fleets

2.8.1.1     North America

2.8.1.2     China

2.8.2     Utilities

2.9   Transitioning from Early Adopters to Mainstream

2.9.1     Sensitivity to Fuel Prices

2.9.2     Ease of Purchase

2.9.3     Reliability

2.9.4     Resale Value

2.9.5     Limited Driving Range

3. Marketing and Commercialization

3.1   Minimum Requirements

3.2   Value Chain of the Lithium Ion Battery Industry

3.2.1     Raw Materials

3.2.2     Cell Components and Electronics

3.2.3     Integrated Systems (Cell and Pack Manufacturers)

3.2.4     Battery Manufacturer and OEM Joint Ventures

3.2.5     Materials Recycling

3.3   Requirements for Commercialization

3.3.1     Cost

3.3.2     Capacity

3.3.3     Weight and Size

3.3.4     Charge Rate

3.3.5     Performance

4. Technology Issues

4.1   Competing Energy Storage Technologies

4.1.1     Ultracapacitors

4.1.2     Nickel-Metal Hydride Batteries

4.1.3     Lithium Ion Batteries

4.1.4     Strengths and Weaknesses

4.2   Li-ion Batteries in Detail

4.2.1     Li-ion Battery Components

4.3   Competing Technologies in Development

4.3.1     Lithium-air

4.3.2     Lithium Sulfur

4.3.3     Solid State

4.4   Access to Lithium

4.5   Safety and Implementation

4.5.1     Battery Charging Levels

4.5.2     DC Fast Charging

4.5.3     Sensitivity to Temperature

5. Key Industry Players

5.1   Battery Cell Manufacturers

5.1.1     A123 Systems

5.1.2     Altair Nanotechnologies

5.1.3     BAK Battery

5.1.4     Boston-Power, Inc.

5.1.5     BYD

5.1.6     Electrovaya

5.1.7     EnerDel

5.1.8     GS Yuasa

5.1.9     Hitachi Group

5.1.10   Johnson Controls, Inc.

5.1.11   LG Chem/Compact Power

5.1.12   NEC Group

5.1.13   Panasonic

5.1.14   Samsung SDI

5.1.15   SK Innovation and Continental AG Joint Venture

5.1.16   Toshiba

5.2   Battery Pack System Integrators

5.2.1     Automotive Energy Supply Corporation

5.2.2     Blue Energy

5.2.3     Deutsche ACCUmotive

5.2.4     Dow Kokam

5.2.5     Hitachi Vehicle Energy

5.2.6     Lithium Energy Japan

5.2.7     Magna e-Car

5.2.8     Primearth EV Energy Co.

5.2.9     Robert Bosch

5.3   Battery Pack Customers – Automotive Manufacturers

5.3.1     Fisker

5.3.2     Ford

5.3.3     General Motors

5.3.4     Mitsubishi

5.3.5     Nissan

5.3.6     PSA Peugeot-Citroen

5.3.7     Renault

5.3.8     Tesla

5.3.9     Toyota

5.4   Other Industry Participants

5.4.1     Amberjac Projects

5.4.2     Better Place

5.4.3     Delphi

5.4.4     IBM

5.4.5     K2 Energy Solutions, Inc.

5.4.6     Leyden Energy

5.4.7     Lithium Technology Corporation

5.4.8     Quantum Technologies

5.4.9     Saft Batteries

5.4.10   Seeo

5.4.11   Sony Lithium

5.4.12   Industry Participant Matrix

6. Market Forecasts

6.1   Global Electric Vehicle Market

6.2   Lithium Ion Transportation Battery Market in the BEV Segment

6.3   Lithium Ion Transportation Battery Market in the PHEV Segment

6.4   Lithium Ion Transportation Battery Market in the HEV Segment

6.5   Trends in Various Regions and Global Lithium Ion Battery Markets

6.5.1     North America

6.5.2     Europe

6.5.3     Asia Pacific

6.5.4     Latin America

6.5.5     Middle East/Africa

7. Company Directory
8. Acronym and Abbreviation List
9. Table of Contents
10. Table of Charts and Figures
11. Scope of Study, Sources and Methodology, Notes

List of Charts and Figures

  • BEV Light Duty Consumer Vehicle Sales by Region, World Markets: 2012-2020
  • PHEV Light Duty Consumer Vehicle Sales by Region, World Markets: 2012-2020
  • HEV Light Duty Consumer Vehicle Sales by Region, World Markets: 2012-2020
  • BEV, PHEV, and HEV Light Duty Consumer Vehicle Sales by Region, World Markets: 2012-2020
  • BEV Lithium Ion Transportation Battery Revenue by Region, World Markets: 2012-2020
  • BEV Lithium Ion Transportation Battery Capacity by Region, World Markets: 2012-2020
  • PHEV Lithium Ion Transportation Battery Revenue by Region, World Markets: 2012-2020
  • PHEV Lithium Ion Transportation Battery Capacity by Region, World Markets: 2012-2020
  • HEV Lithium Ion Transportation Battery Revenue by Region, World Markets: 2012-2020
  • HEV Lithium Ion Transportation Battery Capacity by Region, World Markets: 2012-2020
  • Total Lithium Ion Transportation Battery Revenue by Region, World Markets: 2012-2020
  • Total Lithium Ion Transportation Battery Capacity by Region, World Markets: 2012-2020

List of Tables

  • Vehicle Roadmap for Plug-in Hybrid and Battery Electric Passenger Vehicles: 2012-2015
  • Vehicle Battery Capacities, Select HEV and PEV Models: 2012
  • U.S. Department of Energy Stimulus Grants for Battery Manufacturing: 2012 Status
  • Recent Funding for Battery-Related R&D: 2009-2012
  • Installed New Capacity of Li-ion Batteries for Energy Storage Applications, World Markets: 2012-2020
  • Requirements for PHEV Battery Commercialization
  • Estimated Component Costs per kWh for a 25-kWh LMO Battery Pack: 2012
  • Lithium Ion Battery Cost Price, World Markets: 2012-2020
  • Characteristics of Carbon Ultracapacitors
  • Characteristics of NiMH Batteries in Vehicle Applications
  • Energy Storage Technology Strengths and Weaknesses
  • Ranking of Li-ion Technology Options on Key Parameters
  • Characteristics of Lithium Ion Battery Chemistries
  • Adoption of Lithium Ion Battery Chemistry by Battery Vendor and Vehicle OEM
  • Lithium Ion Battery Components, Functions, and Materials
  • Major Cathodes for Lithium Ion Batteries
  • SAE Battery Charging Levels
  • Key EV Battery Player Map
  • BEV Light Duty Consumer Vehicle Sales by Region, World Markets: 2012-2020
  • PHEV Light Duty Consumer Vehicle Sales by Region, World Markets: 2012-2020
  • HEV Light Duty Consumer Vehicle Sales by Region, World Markets: 2012-2020
  • BEV/PHEV/HEV Sales by Region, World Markets: 2012-2020
  • Light Duty Vehicle Sales Forecasts by Region, World Markets: 2012-2020
  • Lithium Ion Battery Pack Selling Price, World Markets: 2012-2020
  • BEV Light Duty Consumer Vehicle Lithium Ion Battery Sales Revenue by Region, World Markets: 2012-2020
  • PHEV Light Duty Consumer Vehicle Lithium Ion Battery Sales Revenue by Region, World Markets: 2012-2020
  • HEV Light Duty Consumer Vehicle Lithium Ion Battery Sales Revenue by Region, World Markets: 2012-2020
  • Light Duty Vehicle Lithium Ion Battery Sales Revenue by Region, World Markets: 2012-2020
  • BEV Lithium Ion Transportation Battery Revenue by Region, World Markets: 2012-2020
  • BEV Lithium Ion Transportation Battery Capacity by Region, World Markets: 2012-2020
  • PHEV Lithium Ion Transportation Battery Revenue by Region, World Markets: 2012-2020
  • PHEV Lithium Ion Transportation Battery Capacity by Region, World Markets: 2012-2020
  • HEV Lithium Ion Transportation Battery Revenue by Region, World Markets: 2012-2020
  • HEV Lithium Ion Transportation Battery Capacity by Region, World Markets: 2012-2020
  • Total Lithium Ion Transportation Battery Revenue by Region, World Markets: 2012-2020
  • Total Lithium Ion Transportation Battery Capacity, World Markets: 2012-2020
]]> http://www.navigantresearch.com/research/electric-vehicle-batteries/feed 0 Electric Vehicles in Europe http://www.navigantresearch.com/research/electric-vehicles-in-europe http://www.navigantresearch.com/research/electric-vehicles-in-europe#comments Wed, 26 Dec 2012 23:36:46 +0000 Alexandria Davis http://www.pikeresearch.com/?p=45946 Smart Transportation
Across Europe, a greater variety of hybrid (HEV), plug-in hybrid (PHEV), and battery electric vehicle (BEV) models are being offered by manufacturers each month. Although government support is waning, the increasing availability of vehicle charging infrastructure that enables vehicles to charge at home, at the workplace, and in public places is facilitating market growth. The top [...]]]> Smart Transportation

Across Europe, a greater variety of hybrid (HEV), plug-in hybrid (PHEV), and battery electric vehicle (BEV) models are being offered by manufacturers each month. Although government support is waning, the increasing availability of vehicle charging infrastructure that enables vehicles to charge at home, at the workplace, and in public places is facilitating market growth.

The top six European countries for BEVs on the road in 2020 will be Germany, France, Norway, the United Kingdom, the Netherlands, and Sweden, with this group representing more than 67% of the total market, and each having a volume in excess of six figures. The situation is slightly different for PHEVs, where only four countries are expected to exceed a volume of greater than 100,000 vehicles – Germany, France, Italy, and the United Kingdom – and these four represent 52% of the total. By 2020, Pike Research forecasts that more than 1.8 million BEVs will be on Europe’s roadways, along with 1.2 million PHEVs and 1.7 million HEVs.

This Pike Research report examines key market trends and drivers for the purchase of light duty electric drive vehicles in Europe. The study includes an analysis of business models and demand factors, technology and standards issues, and government policies within the region. Profiles of 23 key automakers in the sector are included, and detailed market forecasts for vehicle sales and registrations are provided for 21 European countries, segmented by powertrain, through 2020.

Key Questions Addressed:
  • How large is the European market for hybrid, plug-in hybrid, and battery electric vehicles?
  • Which countries will see the greatest demand for each of these vehicle types?
  • How fast will the installed base of plug-in electric vehicles grow?
  • What share of the overall market will be captured by alternative powertrain vehicles by 2020?
  • Who are the leading manufacturers of electric vehicles for the European market?
  • What are the drivers and inhibitors for the EV market in Europe?
Who needs this report?
  • Automotive OEMs
  • Electric vehicle component suppliers
  • Electric motor manufacturers
  • Battery manufacturers
  • EV charging equipment manufacturers
  • Utilities
  • Government agencies
  • Industry associations
  • Investor community

Table of Contents

1. Executive Summary

1.1   The Electric Vehicle Market

1.2   The Technology

1.3   The Market Forces

1.4   The Forecast

2. Market Drivers

2.1   The Overall European Vehicle Market Segmentation by Powertrain

2.1.1     Gasoline

2.1.2     Diesel

2.1.3     Alternate Fuels

2.1.4     The Future

2.2   Vehicles with Electric Motor Enhancement

2.2.1     HEV

2.2.2     PHEV

2.2.3     BEV

2.2.4     Micro Hybrid and Stop-Start Vehicles

2.3   Consumer versus Commercial

2.4   The Importance of the Recharging Infrastructure

2.4.1     Residential

2.4.2     Public

2.4.3     Workplace

2.4.4     Pan-European EV Charging Billing

2.5   Running Cost versus Acquisition Cost

2.5.1     Business Perspective

2.5.2     Private Buyers

2.6   Government Incentives

2.7   Emissions Goals

2.8   Market Challenges

2.8.1     Battery Cost

2.8.2     Fuel Prices

3. Technology Issues

3.1   Overview of HEV and PEV Technology

3.2   Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle Drivetrains

3.2.1     Parallel Hybrid Design

3.2.2     Series Hybrid Design/Extended-Range Electric Vehicle

3.3   Battery Electric Vehicle Drivetrains

3.4   Battery Technology

3.4.1     Lithium Ion Battery Chemistry

3.4.1.1     Safety Concerns and Battery Thermal Management

3.4.1.2     Battery Reliability

3.4.2     Advanced Battery Chemistry

3.4.2.1     Lithium-Air

3.4.2.2     Solid-State Batteries

3.5   Regenerative Braking

3.6   Charging Infrastructure

3.6.1     Charging Equipment

3.6.1.1     AC Charging Equipment

3.6.1.2     Fast DC Charging

3.6.2     Home Energy Technologies and Grid Communications

3.6.2.1     Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G)

3.6.2.2     Mobile Applications

3.6.2.3     PEVs and Solar

3.6.3     Recharging Habits and Public Recharging

4. Key Industry Players

4.1   Bolloré

4.2   BMW AG

4.3   Daimler AG

4.4   Fiat

4.5   Fisker Automotive

4.6   Ford

4.7   General Motors

4.8   Honda

4.9   Hyundai

4.10   Jaguar Land Rover

4.11   Mahindra Reva

4.12   Mazda

4.13   Mia Electric

4.14   Mitsubishi Motors

4.15   Nissan

4.16   Porsche

4.17   PSA Peugeot Citroën

4.18   Renault

4.19   Tata Motors

4.20   Tesla

4.21   Toyota

4.22   Volkswagen/Audi

4.23   Volvo

5. Market Forecasts

5.1   Baseline Vehicle Sales Forecast for Europe

5.2   The Electric and Hybrid Vehicle Market for European Countries

5.2.1     Austria

5.2.2     Belgium

5.2.3     Czech Republic

5.2.4     Denmark

5.2.5     Estonia

5.2.6     France

5.2.7     Germany

5.2.8     Ireland

5.2.9     Italy

5.2.10   Luxembourg

5.2.11   Netherlands

5.2.12   Norway

5.2.13   Poland

5.2.14   Portugal

5.2.15   Romania

5.2.16   Russia

5.2.17   Slovakia

5.2.18   Spain

5.2.19   Sweden

5.2.20   Switzerland

5.2.21   United Kingdom

5.3   Conclusions and Recommendations

6. Company Directory
7. Acronym and Abbreviation List
8. Table of Contents
9. Table of Charts and Figures
10. Scope of Study, Sources and Methodology, Notes

List of Charts and Figures

  • Vehicle Sales by Electrified Drivetrain, European Markets: 2012-2020
  • Light Duty Vehicle Sales by Powertrain, European Markets: 2012-2020
  • Fuel Economy – Price Map Comparison, European Markets: 2012
  • Battery Pack Capacities of Mass Market Electric Vehicles, Europe: 2012
  • Light Duty Vehicle Sales by Region, World Markets: 2012-2020
  • Light Duty Vehicle Sales by Country, European Markets: 2012-2020
  • Light Duty Vehicle Sales by Alternative Powertrain, European Markets: 2012-2020
  • Vehicle Sales by Electrified Drivetrain, Austria: 2012-2020
  • Vehicle Sales by Electrified Drivetrain, Belgium: 2012-2020
  • Vehicle Sales by Electrified Drivetrain, Czech Republic: 2012-2020
  • Vehicle Sales by Electrified Drivetrain, Denmark: 2012-2020
  • Vehicle Sales by Electrified Drivetrain, Estonia: 2012-2020
  • Vehicle Sales by Electrified Drivetrain, France: 2012-2020
  • Vehicle Sales by Electrified Drivetrain, Germany: 2012-2020
  • Vehicle Sales by Electrified Drivetrain, France: 2012-2020
  • Vehicle Sales by Electrified Drivetrain, Italy: 2012-2020
  • Vehicle Sales by Electrified Drivetrain, Luxembourg: 2012-2020
  • Vehicle Sales by Electrified Drivetrain, Netherlands: 2012-2020
  • Vehicle Sales by Electrified Drivetrain, Norway: 2012-2020
  • Vehicle Sales by Electrified Drivetrain, Poland: 2012-2020
  • Vehicle Sales by Electrified Drivetrain, Portugal: 2012-2020
  • Vehicle Sales by Electrified Drivetrain, Romania: 2012-2020
  • Vehicle Sales by Electrified Drivetrain, Russia: 2012-2020
  • Vehicle Sales by Electrified Drivetrain, Slovakia: 2012-2020
  • Vehicle Sales by Electrified Drivetrain, Spain: 2012-2020
  • Vehicle Sales by Electrified Drivetrain, Sweden: 2012-2020
  • Vehicle Sales by Electrified Drivetrain, Switzerland: 2012-2020
  • Vehicle Sales by Electrified Drivetrain, United Kingdom: 2012-2020

List of Tables

  • Planned HEV/PHEV/BEV Launches, Europe: 2010-2013
  • European Public EVSE Installation Projects
  • European EV Charging Networks
  • Light Duty Electric Vehicle Purchase Incentives by Country, European Markets: 2012
  • Battery Pack Capacities of Mass Market Electric Vehicles, Europe 2012
  • Light Duty Vehicle Sales by Region, World Markets: 2012-2020
  • Light Duty Vehicle Sales by Country, European Markets: 2012-2020
  • Light Duty Vehicle Sales by Region, World Markets: 2012-2020
  • Vehicle Sales by Electrified Drivetrain, European Markets: 2012-2020
  • Vehicle Sales by Electrified Drivetrain, Austria: 2012-2020
  • Vehicle Registrations (Parc) by Electrified Drivetrain, Austria: 2012-2020
  • Vehicle Sales by Electrified Drivetrain, Belgium: 2012-2020
  • Vehicle Registrations (Parc) by Electrified Drivetrain, Belgium: 2012-2020
  • Vehicle Sales by Electrified Drivetrain, Czech Republic: 2012-2020
  • Vehicle Registrations (Parc) by Electrified Drivetrain, Czech Republic: 2012-2020
  • Vehicle Sales by Electrified Drivetrain, Denmark: 2012-2020
  • Vehicle Registrations (Parc) by Electrified Drivetrain, Denmark: 2012-2020
  • Vehicle Sales by Electrified Drivetrain, Estonia: 2012-2020
  • Vehicle Registrations (Parc) by Electrified Drivetrain, Estonia: 2012-2020
  • Vehicle Sales by Electrified Drivetrain, France: 2012-2020
  • Vehicle Registrations (Parc) by Electrified Drivetrain, France: 2012-2020
  • Vehicle Sales by Electrified Drivetrain, Germany: 2012-2020
  • Vehicle Registrations (Parc) by Electrified Drivetrain, Germany: 2012-2020
  • Vehicle Sales by Electrified Drivetrain, Ireland: 2012-2020
  • Vehicle Registrations (Parc) by Electrified Drivetrain, Ireland: 2012- 2020
  • Vehicle Sales by Electrified Drivetrain, Italy: 2012-2020
  • Vehicle Registrations (Parc) by Electrified Drivetrain, Italy: 2012-2020
  • Vehicle Sales by Electrified Drivetrain, Luxembourg: 2012-2020
  • Vehicle Registrations (Parc) by Electrified Drivetrain, Luxembourg: 2012-2020
  • Vehicle Sales by Electrified Drivetrain, Netherlands: 2012-2020
  • Vehicle Registrations (Parc) by Electrified Drivetrain, Netherlands: 2012 – 2020
  • Vehicle Sales by Electrified Drivetrain, Norway: 2012-2020
  • Vehicle Registrations (Parc) by Electrified Drivetrain, Poland: 2012-2020
  • Vehicle Sales by Electrified Drivetrain, Poland: 2012-2020
  • Vehicle Registrations (Parc) by Electrified Drivetrain, Poland: 2012-2020
  • Vehicle Sales by Electrified Drivetrain, Portugal: 2012-2020
  • Vehicle Registrations (Parc) by Electrified Drivetrain, Portugal: 2012-2020
  • Vehicle Sales by Electrified Drivetrain, Romania: 2012-2020
  • Vehicle Registrations (Parc) by Electrified Drivetrain, Romania: 2012-2020
  • Vehicle Sales by Electrified Drivetrain, Russia: 2012-2020
  • Vehicle Registrations (Parc) by Electrified Drivetrain, Russia: 2012-2020
  • Vehicle Sales by Electrified Drivetrain, Slovakia: 2012-2020
  • Vehicle Registrations (Parc) by Electrified Drivetrain, Slovakia: 2012-2020
  • Vehicle Sales by Electrified Drivetrain, Spain: 2012-2020
  • Vehicle Registrations (Parc) by Electrified Drivetrain, Spain: 2012-2020
  • Vehicle Sales by Electrified Drivetrain, Sweden: 2012-2020
  • Vehicle Registrations (Parc) by Electrified Drivetrain, Sweden: 2012-2020
  • Vehicle Sales by Electrified Drivetrain, Switzerland: 2012-2020
  • Vehicle Registrations (Parc) by Electrified Drivetrain, Switzerland: 2012-2020
  • Vehicle Sales by Electrified Drivetrain, United Kingdom: 2012-2020
  • Vehicle Registrations (Parc) by Electrified Drivetrain, United Kingdom: 2012-2020
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