Spinning reserves refer to an ancillary service with the purpose of providing online reserve capacity that is synchronized to the grid system and ready to meet electric demand within 10 minutes of a dispatch instruction by the grid operator. In more general terms, spinning reserves are reserves that are quick to come online and are typically used as bridge power to supply the grid with energy until longer-duration assets can come online. In the absence of spinning reserves, a system operator will typically shed load until the system is back in balance or slower ramping assets can come online. Systems that are especially constrained, such as power grids in Hawaii and India, operate in this manner.

The spinning reserves market is highly specific to a grid system and depends on generation or load events. Grid systems are facing more instability as energy mixes change rapidly – particularly as intermittent renewable energy systems come online – and load profiles also become more unpredictable, especially in markets that are experiencing volatility in domestic or industrial load, such as China and Germany, respectively. Opportunities in the spinning reserves market will hinge on key market structures, which are also expected to change over time.

This Pike Research report analyzes the global market for spinning reserves and forecasts the amount and revenue associated with this rapidly changing market using a scenario-based forecast. The report provides a comprehensive assessment of the demand drivers, business models, policies, and technology issues associated with the spinning reserves market. Key industry players are profiled in depth and worldwide revenue and capacity forecasts, segmented by technology and region, extend through 2022.

Key Questions Addressed:

• What are spinning reserves?
• What technologies deliver spinning reserves?
• What are the key market structures affecting how much spinning reserves is worth?
• What are the key differences between the North American, European and Asian markets?
• What key market conditions will affect the spinning reserves market over the next 10 years?
• How will more aggressive economic growth affect the spinning reserves market?

Who needs this report?

• Renewable energy technology providers and project developers
• Renewable energy project developers
• Energy storage technology vendors and integrators
• Energy storage service providers
• Battery manufacturers and component providers
• Utilities
• Government agencies
• Investor community

Table of Contents

1. Executive Summary

1.1  Introduction

1.2  Market Issues

1.3  Technologies

1.4  Market Forecast

2.  Market Issues

2.1  What Are Ancillary Services?

2.2  What Are Spinning Reserves?

2.3  Key Market Conditions

2.3.1    Regulated Markets

2.3.2    Deregulated Markets

3.  Markets by Region

3.1  Broad Regional Comparison

3.2  North America

3.3  Europe

3.3.1    European Grid System

3.3.2    Increased Volatility in Europe

3.3.3    Infrastructure

3.4  Asia Pacific

3.4.1    China

3.4.2    India

3.5  Rest of World

3.6  Summary

4.  Technology Issues

4.1  Introduction

4.2  Compressed Air Energy Storage

4.2.1    Overview

4.2.2    Applications

4.3  Lead-Acid Batteries

4.4  Advanced Lead-Acid Batteries

4.5  Pumped Storage

4.5.1    Overview

4.5.2    Applications

4.5.3    Issues Related to Cost

4.6  Sodium-Sulfur Batteries

4.6.1    Overview

4.6.2    Applications

4.6.3    Issues Related To Cost

4.7  Lithium ion Batteries

4.7.1    Overview

4.7.2    Leading Chemistries

4.7.3    Summary of Developments

4.7.4    Efficiency and Capacity

4.7.5    Issues Related to Cost

4.8  ESS for Ancillary Services Technology Comparison

5.  Key Industry Players

5.1  Grid Operators

5.1.1    Energinet.dk

5.1.2    ERCOT

5.1.3    KPX

5.1.4    PJM

5.1.5    TEPCO

5.2  Advanced Lead-Acid Batteries

5.2.1    East Penn Manufacturing

5.2.2    Xtreme Power

5.3  Lithium ion

5.3.1    A123 Systems

5.3.2    Altairnano

5.3.3    Saft Batteries

5.4  NaS Batteries

5.4.1    NGK Insulators

5.5  Pumped Storage

5.5.1    Black & Veatch

5.5.2    HDR

5.5.3    MWH Global

5.6  Energy Storage Value-Add Players

5.6.1    AES Energy Storage

5.6.2    NYSERDA

6.  Market Forecasts

6.1  Key Market Conditions

6.2  Scenarios:  Average and Aggressive

6.3  Methodology

6.3.1    Revenue

6.3.2    Model

6.4  Global Market Forecast

6.5  North America

6.6  Europe

6.7  Asia Pacific

7.  Company Directory
8.  Acronym and Abbreviation List
9.  Table of Contents
10.  Table of Charts and Figures
11.  Scope of Study, Sources and Methodology, Notes

List of Charts and Figures

• Total Spinning Reserves Revenue, World Markets, Average and Aggressive Scenarios:  2012-2022
• Electricity Production by Fuel Type, Canada:  2008
• Electricity Production by Fuel Type, United States:  2008
• System Vertical Load for France, Germany, Spain, and the United Kingdom: Monday, April 2, 2012
• Electricity Production by Fuel Type, China:  2008
• Total Spinning Reserves Market, World Markets, Average Scenario:  2012-2022
• Total Spinning Reserves Market, World Markets, Aggressive Scenario:  2012-2022
• Spinning Reserves Market Revenue, World Markets, Average Scenario: 2012-2022
• Spinning Reserves Market Revenue, World Markets, Aggressive Scenario: 2012-2022
• Spinning Reserves Market Revenue, North America, Average and Aggressive Scenarios: 2012-2022
• Total Spinning Reserves Capacity, North America, Average Scenario: 2012-2022
• Total Spinning Reserves Capacity, North America, Aggressive Scenario: 2012-2022
• Total Spinning Reserves Revenue, Western Europe, Average and Aggressive Scenarios: 2012-2022
• Total Spinning Reserves Capacity, Western Europe, Average Scenario: 2012-2022
• Total Spinning Reserves Capacity, Western Europe, Aggressive Scenario: 2012-2022
• Total Spinning Reserves Revenue, Asia Pacific, Average and Aggressive Scenarios: 2012-2022
• Total Spinning Reserves Capacity, Asia Pacific, Average Scenario: 2012-2022
• Total Spinning Reserves Capacity, Asia Pacific, Aggressive Scenario: 2012-2022
• The European Grid’s Five Synchronous Areas: 2009
• Map of Drivers for Grid Development in Europe
• Projects of Pan-European Significance Long-Term (as of 2017)
• Schematic of Compressed Air Energy Storage
• Second-Generation CAES Design
• Core CAES Application: Renewable Energy Time Shift
• Intrinsic Value of Classic Bulk Storage
• Intrinsic Value of Classic Bulk Storage – Enhanced with CAES Flexibility
• Advanced Lead-Acid Battery Cycle Life Comparison to Other Advanced Batteries
• Schematic of Pumped Storage
• Planned Pumped Storage Facilities in the United States
• Integrating Wind with Pumped Storage Shaping Wind Variability
• Schematic of Sodium-Sulfur Battery Technology

List of Tables

• Summary of Ancillary Services, Response Times, Duration, and Cycles
• Summary of Key Market Conditions in the Spinning Reserves Market
• Summary of Select Ancillary Services Markets and Characteristics
• Summary of Key Markets, Drivers, and Market Characteristics by Select Countries
• Summary of Key Market Conditions in the Spinning Reserves Market
• Spinning Reserves Requirements in North America
• Spinning Reserves Requirements in Europe
• ENTSO-E Investment Cost Breakdown for Pan-European Transmission Projects 2010-2020
• Spinning Reserves Requirements in Asia Pacific
• Status of Southeast Asian Power Grid Interconnection Projects
• China’s Southern Grid Spinning Reserves Payment Structure
• Summary of Rest of World Grid Operators, Capacity, Ancillary Services Considered, and Payments, as Available
• Summary of Key Market Conditions in the Spinning Reserves Market and Relative Strength of the Market Condition in Each Market
• Characteristics of Li-ion Battery Chemistries
• ESG Technology Strengths and Weaknesses
• Summary of Key Market Conditions in the Spinning Reserves Market
• Annual Growth of North American Spinning Reserves Market, Average Scenario:  2012-2022
• Spinning Reserves Capacity North America, Average Scenario: 2012-2022
• Spinning Reserves Delivered, North America, Average Scenario: 2012-2022
• Spinning Reserves Cost, North America, Average Scenario: 2012-2022
• Spinning Reserves Revenue, North America, Average Scenario: 2012-2022
• Annual Growth of North American Spinning Reserves Market, Aggressive Scenario:  2012-2022
• Spinning Reserves Capacity North America, Aggressive Scenario: 2012-2022
• Spinning Reserves Delivered, North America, Aggressive Scenario: 2012-2022
• Spinning Reserves Cost, North America, Aggressive Scenario: 2012-2022
• Spinning Reserves Revenue, North America, Aggressive Scenario:  2012-2022
• Annual Growth of Western European Spinning Reserves Market, Average Scenario: 2012-2022
• Spinning Reserves Capacity Western Europe, Average Scenario: 2012-2022
• Spinning Reserves Delivered, Western Europe, Average Scenario: 2012-2022
• Spinning Reserves Cost, Western Europe, Average Scenario:  2012-2022
• Spinning Reserves Revenue, Western Europe, Average Scenario:   2012-2022
• Annual Growth of Western European Spinning Reserves Market, Aggressive Scenario:   2012-2022
• Spinning Reserves Capacity Western Europe, Aggressive Scenario: 2012-2022
• Spinning Reserves Delivered, Western Europe, Aggressive Scenario: 2012-2022
• Spinning Reserves Cost, Western Europe, Aggressive Scenario:   2012-2022
• Spinning Reserves Revenue, Western Europe, Aggressive Scenario:   2012-2022
• Annual Growth of Asia Pacific Spinning Reserves Market, Average Scenario:  2012-2022
• Spinning Reserves Capacity, Asia Pacific, Average Scenario: 2012-2022
• Spinning Reserves Delivered, Asia Pacific, Average Scenario: 2012-2022
• Spinning Reserves Cost, Asia Pacific, Average Scenario:  2012-2022
• Spinning Reserves Revenue, Asia Pacific, Average Scenario:  2012-2022
• Annual Growth of Asia Pacific Spinning Reserves Market, Aggressive Scenario:  2012-2022
• Spinning Reserves Delivered, Asia Pacific, Aggressive Scenario: 2012-2022
• Spinning Reserves Capacity, Asia Pacific, Aggressive Scenario: 2012-2022
• Spinning Reserves Cost, Asia Pacific, Aggressive Scenario:  2012-2022
• Spinning Reserves Revenue, Asia Pacific, Aggressive Scenario:  2012-2022
• Annual Growth of Latin America Spinning Reserves Market, Average Scenario:  2012-2022
• Spinning Reserves Capacity, Latin America, Average Scenario: 2012-2022
• Spinning Reserves Delivered, Latin America, Average Scenario: 2012-2022
• Spinning Reserves Cost, Latin America, Average Scenario:  2012-2022
• Spinning Reserves Revenue, Latin America, Average Scenario:  2012-2022
• Annual Growth of Latin America Spinning Reserves Market, Aggressive Scenario:  2012-2022
• Spinning Reserves Capacity, Latin America, Aggressive Scenario: 2012-2022
• Spinning Reserves Delivered, Latin America, Aggressive Scenario: 2012-2022
• Spinning Reserves Cost, Latin America, Aggressive Scenario: 2012-2022
• Spinning Reserves Revenue, Latin America, Aggressive Scenario: 2012-2022
• Annual Growth of Eastern European Spinning Reserves Market, Average Scenario:  2012-2022
• Spinning Reserves Capacity Eastern Europe, Average Scenario: 2012-2022
• Spinning Reserves Delivered, Eastern Europe, Average Scenario: 2012-2022
• Spinning Reserves Cost, Eastern Europe, Average Scenario: 2012-2022
• Spinning Reserves Revenue, Eastern Europe, Average Scenario: 2012-2022
• Annual Growth of Eastern European Spinning Reserves Market, Aggressive Scenario: 2012-2022
• Spinning Reserves Capacity, Eastern Europe, Aggressive Scenario: 2012-2022
• Spinning Reserves Delivered, Eastern Europe, Aggressive Scenario: 2012-2022
• Spinning Reserves Cost, Eastern Europe, Aggressive Scenario: 2012-2022
• Spinning Reserves Revenue, Eastern Europe, Aggressive Scenario: 2012-2022
• Annual Growth of Middle East Spinning Reserves Market, Average Scenario: 2012-2022
• Spinning Reserves Capacity, Middle East, Average Scenario: 2012-2022
• Spinning Reserves Delivered, Middle East Average Scenario: 2012-2022
• Spinning Reserves Cost, Middle East, Average Scenario:  2012-2022
• Spinning Reserves Revenue, Middle East, Average Scenario: 2012-2022
• Annual Growth of Middle East Spinning Reserves Market, Aggressive Scenario: 2012-2022
• Spinning Reserves Capacity, Middle East, Aggressive Scenario: 2012-2022
• Spinning Reserves Delivered, Middle East Aggressive Scenario: 2012-2022
• Spinning Reserves Cost, Middle East, Aggressive Scenario: 2012-2022
• Spinning Reserves Revenue, Middle East, Aggressive Scenario: 2012-2022
• Annual Growth of Africa Spinning Reserves Market, Average Scenario: 2012-2022
• Spinning Reserves Delivered, Africa, Average Scenario: 2012-2022
• Spinning Reserves Delivered, Africa Average Scenario: 2012-2022
• Spinning Reserves Cost, Africa, Average Scenario: 2012-2022
• Spinning Reserves Revenue, Africa, Average Scenario: 2012-2022
• Annual Growth of Africa Spinning Reserves Market, Aggressive Scenario: 2012-2022
• Spinning Reserves Delivered, Africa, Aggressive Scenario: 2012-2022
• Spinning Reserves Delivered, Africa, Aggressive Scenario: 2012-2022
• Spinning Reserves Cost, Africa, Aggressive Scenario:
  2012-2022
• Spinning Reserves Revenue, Africa, Aggressive Scenario: 2012-2022
• Total Spinning Reserves Capacity, World Markets, Average Scenario: 2012-2022
• Spinning Reserves Capacity by Coal Power Plants by Region, World Markets, Average Scenario:  2012-2022
• Spinning Reserves Capacity by Natural Gas Plants by Region, World Markets, Average Scenario: 2012-2022
• Spinning Reserves Capacity by Nuclear Power Plants by Region, World Markets, Average Scenario: 2012-2022
• Spinning Reserves Capacity by Energy Storage Systems by Region, World Markets, Average Scenario: 2012-2022
• Total Spinning Reserves Market, World Markets, Aggressive Scenario:  2012-2022
• Spinning Reserves Capacity by Coal Power Plants by Region, World Markets, Aggressive Scenario: 2012-2022
• Spinning Reserves Capacity by Natural Gas Plants by Region, World Markets, Aggressive Scenario: 2012-2022
• Spinning Reserves Capacity by Nuclear Power Plants by Region, World Markets, Aggressive Scenario: 2012-2022
• Spinning Reserves Capacity by Energy Storage Systems by Region, World Markets, Aggressive Scenario: 2012-2022
• Total Spinning Reserves Capacity, North America, Average Scenario: 2012-2022
• Total Spinning Reserves Capacity, Western Europe, Average Scenario:  2012-2022
• Total Spinning Reserves Capacity, Asia Pacific, Average Scenario: 2012-2022
• Total Spinning Reserves Capacity, Latin America, Average Scenario: 2012-2022
• Total Spinning Reserves Capacity, Eastern Europe Average Scenario: 2012-2022
• Total Spinning Reserves Capacity, Middle East, Average Scenario: 2012-2022
• Total Spinning Reserves Capacity, Africa, Average Scenario: 2012-2022
• Total Spinning Reserves Capacity, North America, Aggressive Scenario: 2012-2022
• Total Spinning Reserves Capacity, Western Europe, Aggressive Scenario: 2012-2022
• Total Spinning Reserves Capacity, Asia Pacific, Aggressive Scenario: 2012-2022
• Total Spinning Reserves Capacity, Latin America, Aggressive Scenario: 2012-2022
• Total Spinning Reserves Capacity, Eastern Europe, Aggressive Scenario: 2012-2022
• Total Spinning Reserves Capacity, Middle East, Aggressive Scenario: 2012-2022
• Total Spinning Reserves Capacity, Africa, Aggressive Scenario: 2012-2022
• Total Spinning Reserves Market Revenue, World Markets, Average Scenario: 2012-2022
• Spinning Reserves Delivered by Coal Power Plants by Region, Market Revenue, World Markets, Average Scenario: 2012-2022
• Spinning Reserves Delivered by Natural Gas Plants by Region, Market Revenue, World Markets, Average Scenario:  2012-2022
• Spinning Reserves Delivered by Nuclear Power Plants by Region, Market Revenue, World Markets, Average Scenario: 2012-2022
• Spinning Reserves Delivered by Energy Storage Systems by Region, Market Revenue, World Markets, Average Scenario: 2012-2022
• Total Spinning Reserves Market Revenue, World Markets, Aggressive Scenario: 2012-2022
• Spinning Reserves Delivered by Coal Power Plants by Region, Market Revenue, World Markets, Aggressive Scenario: 2012-2022
• Spinning Reserves Delivered by Natural Gas Plants by Region, Market Revenue, World Markets, Aggressive Scenario: 2012-2022
• Spinning Reserves Delivered by Nuclear Power Plants by Region, Market Revenue, World Markets, Aggressive Scenario: 2012-2022
• Spinning Reserves Delivered by Energy Storage Systems by Region, Market Revenue, World Markets, Aggressive Scenario: 2012-2022
• Total Spinning Reserves Market Revenue, North America, Average Scenario:  2012-2022
• Total Spinning Reserves Market Revenue, Western Europe, Average Scenario:  2012-2022
• Total Spinning Reserves Market Revenue, Asia Pacific, Average Scenario:  2012-2022
• Total Spinning Reserves Market Revenue, Latin America, Average Scenario:  2012-2022
• Total Spinning Reserves Market Revenue, Eastern Europe Average Scenario:  2012-2022
• Total Spinning Reserves Market Revenue, Middle East, Average Scenario:  2012-2022
• Total Spinning Reserves Market Revenue, Africa, Average Scenario:  2012-2022
• Total Spinning Reserves Market Revenue, North America, Aggressive Scenario:  2012-2022
• Total Spinning Reserves Market Revenue, Western Europe, Aggressive Scenario:  2012-2022
• Total Spinning Reserves Market Revenue, Asia Pacific, Aggressive Scenario:  2012-2022
• Total Spinning Reserves Market Revenue, Latin America, Aggressive Scenario:  2012-2022
• Total Spinning Reserves Market Revenue, Eastern Europe, Aggressive Scenario:  2012-2022
• Total Spinning Reserves Market Revenue, Middle East, Aggressive Scenario:  2012-2022
• Total Spinning Reserves Market Revenue, Africa, Aggressive Scenario:  2012-2022
• Total Spinning Reserves Market Revenue, North America, Average and Aggressive Scenarios:  2012-2022
• Total Spinning Reserves Market Revenue, Western Europe, Average and Aggressive Scenarios:  2012-2022
• Total Spinning Reserves Market Revenue, Asia Pacific, Average and Aggressive Scenarios:  2012-2022
• Total Spinning Reserves Market Revenue, Latin America, Average and Aggressive Scenarios: 2012-2022
• Total Spinning Reserves Market Revenue, Eastern Europe, Average and Aggressive Scenarios:  2012-2022
• Total Spinning Reserves Market Revenue, Middle East, Average and Aggressive Scenarios: 2012-2022
• Total Spinning Reserves Market Revenue, Africa, Average and Aggressive Scenarios: 2012-2022
• Total Spinning Reserves Market Revenue, World Markets, Average and Aggressive Scenarios: 2012-2022
• East Penn Manufacturing SWOT Analysis
• Xtreme Power SWOT Analysis
• A123 Systems SWOT Analysis
• Altairnano SWOT Analysis
• Saft Batteries SWOT Analysis
• NGK Insulators SWOT Analysis
• Black & Veatch SWOT Analysis
• HDR SWOT Analysis
• MWH SWOT Analysis
• AES Energy Storage SWOT Analysis
• NYSERDA SWOT Analysis