Natural gas vehicles (NGVs) have been available to varying degrees since the 1970s (and earlier in some parts of the world). Despite this long history, NGV adoption varies significantly from region to region. While North America and parts of Western Europe and Asia Pacific see NGVs as mostly commercial vehicles, there are several countries that have significant numbers of natural gas vehicles for consumer markets in addition to fleets. The primary growth drivers in these countries, as well as the smaller regions, are the economics of less expensive natural gas, the reduction of oil imports, the environmental benefits of lower greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, and the availability of vehicle and refueling stations.
Pike Research has conducted an in-depth assessment of the opportunities and challenges facing the 12.6 million unit NGV market, which we forecast will expand at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 7.9% to reach 19.9 million vehicles by 2016. Natural gas refueling station development is not expected to achieve the same growth rate, but will reach nearly 26,000 stations worldwide by 2016.
This Pike Research report provides a comprehensive examination of natural gas vehicle technologies, compressed and liquefied natural gas shipping and storage, governmental incentives and regulations, and key drivers of market growth. The report includes forecasts of NGV sales, refueling infrastructure, and natural gas usage through 2016 for light-duty vehicles and medium/heavy duty trucks and buses. Key market players are also profiled.
Key questions addressed:
- How large will the NGV market be globally?
- What are the key drivers of growth in the NGV market?
- Which regions are the key markets for NGVs?
- What are the key countries for NGV sales growth?
- Why are those countries strong NGV markets while others are not?
- What is the difference between dual fuel and bi-fuel NGVs?
- What is the outlook for NGV growth within various vehicle segments?
- What are the key storage tank and engine technologies being used in NGVs?
- How many NGV refueling stations are there, and how fast will they grow over the next 5-6 years?
- How much natural gas will be used by the transportation sector globally?
- What are other alternative fuels that compete with natural gas?
- Who are the key industry players in the NGV market?
- What are the government incentives to purchase NGVs?
- What environmental regulations pertain to NGVs?
Who needs this report?
- OEM Marketing Managers
- OEM Product Planners
- NGV Conversion/Upfitter Companies
- Vehicle Component Suppliers
- Storage Tank Manufacturers
- Natural Gas Mining Companies
- Natural Gas Utilities
- Natural Gas Pipeline and/or Shipping Companies
- Biogas (Landfill gas) Producers
- Government Environmental Agencies
- Government Transportation Agencies
- Environmental Transportation Advocacy Groups
- Vehicle Trade Associations
- Fleet Manager Consultants
Table of Contents
1. Executive Summary
1.1 Key Market Issues
1.2 Refueling Infrastructure Issues
1.3 Demand Drivers and Barriers
1.4 Market Forecasts
2. Market Issues
2.1 History
2.2 Light Vehicles
2.3 Medium- and Heavy-Duty Trucks/Buses
2.3.1 Truck Class Definitions
2.4 Natural Gas Supply
2.4.1 Gas Mining
2.4.2 Transportation of Fuel
2.4.3 Refilling Infrastructure Availability
2.5 Regional Markets
2.5.1 United States/Canada Consumer Market
2.5.2 North American Fleet Market
2.5.3 Latin American Market
2.5.4 European Market
2.5.5 Africa/Middle East Market
2.5.6 Asia Pacific Market
2.6 Current Market Opportunities and Barriers
2.6.1 Private Ownership
2.6.2 Conversion Versus Original Equipment NGVs
2.6.3 Fuel Costs
2.6.3.1 Performance Versus Diesel/Gasoline Engines
2.6.3.2 Maintenance on NGVs Versus Diesel/Gasoline Engines
2.7 Competing Technologies
2.7.1 Other Alternative Fuels
2.7.2 Liquid Petroleum Gas (LPG)/Autogas
2.7.3 Hydrogen
2.7.4 Hybrid and Electric Vehicle Technologies
2.7.5 Fuel Cell Advancements
2.8 CNG/LNG Handling Training Issues
3. Technology Issues
3.1 Chemical Characteristics of Natural Gas
3.1.1 Liquefied Natural Gas
3.1.2 Compressed Natural Gas
3.1.3 Biogas
3.1.4 Propane (Liquefied Petroleum Gas)
3.1.4.1 LPG Infrastructure
3.2 NGV Engines
3.2.1 Dedicated Mono-Fuel Engines
3.2.2 Bi-Fuel Engines
3.2.3 Dual-Fuel Engines
3.2.4 OEM Prepared Engine Conversions
3.3 Refueling Technology
3.3.1 CNG Refueling
3.3.1.1 Home Refueling Appliances
3.3.2 LNG Refueling
3.4 Natural Gas Production
3.4.1 Safety Issues
3.4.2 On-Vehicle Storage Tanks
4. Demand Drivers
4.1 Market-Based Demand
4.1.1 Economics
4.1.1.1 Cost Recovery Analysis
4.1.1.1 Relationship Between Alternative Fuel Demand and Gas/Diesel Prices
4.1.2 Energy Security Issues
4.1.3 Environmental Benefits
4.1.4 Vehicle Availability
4.2 Global Warming and Peak Oil Awareness
4.2.1 T. Boone Pickens’ Impact on the U.S. Market
4.3 Government Emissions Regulations
4.3.1 United States
4.3.1.1 CAFE Standards
4.3.1.2 EPA Regulations
4.3.1.3 CARB Certification
4.3.2 Canada
4.3.3 Latin America
4.3.4 Europe
4.3.5 China
4.3.6 India
4.3.7 Japan
4.4 Government Incentives
4.4.1 United States
4.4.2 Canada
4.4.3 Europe
4.4.4 Japan
4.4.5 China
4.4.6 Other Regulatory Incentives
5. Key Industry Players
5.1 Original Equipment Manufacturers
5.1.1 Fiat
5.1.2 Ford Motor Co.
5.1.3 General Motors
5.1.4 Honda
5.1.5 Hyundai Motor Co.
5.1.6 Mercedes-Benz
5.1.7 Renault
5.1.8 Toyota Motor Corp.
5.1.9 Volkswagen
5.2 Heavy-Duty Trucks/Buses
5.2.1 Autocar
5.2.2 Capacity of Texas, Inc.
5.2.3 Cummins Westport Inc. (Joint Venture)
5.2.4 Emissions Solutions Inc.
5.2.5 Foton
5.2.6 Freightliner
5.2.7 Gillig
5.2.8 Iveco
5.2.9 Mack Trucks
5.2.10 Navistar/International Truck and Engine Corp.
5.2.11 New Flyer Bus
5.2.12 Volvo
5.2.13 Westport
5.2.14 Weichai Power, Ltd.
5.3 Key Suppliers/NGV Converters
5.3.1 Advanced Fuels Technologies, Pty Ltd.
5.3.2 Altech-Eco Corp.
5.3.3 BAF Technologies
5.3.4 Baytech Corp.
5.3.5 The Bosch Group
5.3.6 Clean Energy Fuels Corp.
5.3.7 FAB Industries
5.3.8 Fuel Systems Solutions, Inc.
5.3.9 GNC Galileo
5.3.10 Kraus Global
5.3.11 Landi Renzo
5.3.12 Magneti Marelli
5.3.13 OMVL SpA
5.3.14 Natural Drive
5.3.15 Productive Concepts International
5.3.16 Prins Autogassystemen BV
5.3.17 Roush
6. Market Forecasts
6.1 Global Natural Gas Vehicle Forecast: 2010-2016
6.1.1 NGV Sales Forecast, Middle East/Africa: 2010-2016
6.1.2 Latin America Forecasts: 2010-2016
6.1.3 NGV Sales Forecast, Eastern and Western Europe: 2010-2016
6.1.4 NGV Sales Forecast, Asia-Pacific: 2010-2016
6.1.5 NGV Sales Forecast, North America: 2010-2016
6.2 Multi-fuel Vehicles
6.3 NGV by Vehicle Segment Forecast
6.4 Natural Gas Used for Transportation Forecast: 2010-2016
6.5 Fleet versus Private Owner Forecast: 2010-2016
6.6 Taxi Fleet Forecasts: 2010-2016
6.7 Summary and Conclusions
7. Company Directory
8. Acronym and Abbreviation List
9. Table of Contents
10. Table of Charts and Figures
11. Scope of Study, Sources and Methodology, Notes
List of Charts and Figures
- Natural Gas Vehicle Refueling Stations, World Markets: 2010-2016
- Natural Gas Vehicle Sales (Including Conversions), World Markets: 2010-2016
- Number of NGVs per Refueling Station, World Markets: 2010, 2016
- Natural Gas Used for Transportation Fuel, Pakistan: 2010-2016
- Number of LPG Vehicles, World Markets: 2008, 2010
- Usage of LNG, United States: 2010
- Cumulative Natural Gas Vehicles, World Markets: 2010-2016
- Natural Gas Vehicle Sales (Including Conversions), Africa/Middle East: 2010-2016
- NGV Refueling Stations, Africa/Middle East: 2010-2016
- Natural Gas Vehicle Sales (Including Conversions), Latin America: 2010-2016
- NGV Refueling Stations, Latin America: 2010-2016
- Natural Gas Vehicle Sales (Including Conversions), Europe: 2010-2016
- NGV Refueling Stations, Western Europe: 2010-2016
- NGV Refueling Stations, Eastern Europe: 2010-2016
- Natural Gas Vehicle Sales (Including Conversions), Asia Pacific: 2010-2016
- NGV Refueling Stations, Asia-Pacific: 2010-2016
- Natural Gas Vehicle Sales (Including Conversions), North America: 2010-2016
- NGV Refueling Stations, North America: 2010-2016
- Multi-Fuel Vehicles, North America: 2010
- Multi-Fuel Vehicles, Latin America: 2010
- Natural Gas Vehicle Segments, World Markets: 2016
- Natural Gas Used for Automotive Transportation, World Markets: 2010-2016
- NGV Sales Fleet versus Private Owner, United States: 2010-2016
- NGV Percentage of Total Fleet Sales by Region, World Markets: 2010, 2016
- U.S. Petroleum Consumption by Sector: 2007
- United States Truck Classes
- Hydraulic Fracturing Diagram
- Natural Gas Pipeline Additions, United States: 2000-2009
- Natural Gas Pipelines, Europe and the Middle East
- Russian and European Natural Gas Pipelines
- Projected Routes of Nord Stream, Nabucco, and South Stream Pipelines
- Bi-Fuel Vehicle Diagram
- Well-to-Wheel Greenhouse Gas Emissions for Various Fuels
- Peak Oil Curve, World Oil Production (Crude Oil + NGL) and Various Forecasts: 1940-2050
List of Tables
- Cumulative LPG Vehicles, World Markets: 2008-2010
- Usage of LNG, United States: 2010
- Transit Bus Fuel Usage, United States: 2000-2008
- Growth Rate of Cumulative Natural Gas Vehicles, World Markets: 2010-2016
- Cumulative Natural Gas Vehicles, World Markets: 2010-2016
- Annual Growth in NGV Sales, World Markets: 2010-2016
- Total NGV Sales (Including Conversions), World Markets: 2010-2016
- Private NGV Sales, World Markets: 2010-2016
- Corporate and Government Fleet NGV Sales, World Markets: 2010-2016
- Total Fleet Sales by Region, World Markets: 2010-2016
- NGV Percentage of Fleet Sales by Region, World Markets: 2010-2016
- Commercial Registrations by Region, World Markets: 2010-2016
- Annual Growth in NGV Segments, World Markets: 2010-2016
- Cumulative NGVs by Segment, World Markets: 2010-2016
- Annual Growth in NGV Refueling Stations World Markets: 2010-2016
- NGV Refueling Stations, World Markets: 2010-2016
- Number of NGVs per Refueling Station, World Markets: 2010-2016
- Annual Growth in Natural Gas Used for Transportation, World Markets: 2010-2016
- Natural Gas Used for Automotive Transportation, World Markets: 2010-2016
- Multi-Fuel Vehicles, North America, Latin America, Western Europe: 2010
- Bus Fleet by State, United States: 2010
- Largest Taxi Fleets: 2010-2016
- Annual Growth in Light Duty Vehicle Sales, World Markets: 2010-2016
- Total Light Duty Vehicle Sales, World Markets: 2010-2016
The surge in domestic supplies of natural gas in the United States, along with ten-year lows in the wholesale price of natural gas, rising oil prices, and increased concerns over energy security, is sparking new attention for this alternative fuel for commercial fleets as well as consumer vehicles. The prospects for natural gas as a transportation fuel are strong. Significant hurdles remain, however, as infrastructure development lags the momentum of electric vehicles and the selection of passenger cars remains limited. The politics of NGVs also present a possible barrier to market growth as federal incentives continue to languish and public pushback against hydraulic fracturing (fracking) grows.